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Acropolis of Athens
The Acropolis of Athens (;〔Thucydides 2.15.3: "ἡ Ἀκρόπολις ἡ νῦν οὖσα πόλις ῆν".〕 ''Akrópoli Athinón'') is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon. The word acropolis comes from the Greek words (''akron'', "edge, extremity") and (''polis'', "city").〔acro-. (n.d.). In Greek, Acropolis means "Highest City". ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', Fourth Edition. Retrieved September 29, 2008, (from Dictionary.com website: ) Quote: "(Greek ''akros'', extreme; see ''ak-'' in Indo-European roots. )"〕 Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as "The Acropolis" without qualification.
While there is evidence that the hill was inhabited as far back as the fourth millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495 – 429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the site's most important buildings including the Parthenon, the Propylaia, the Erechtheion and the Temple of Athena Nike.〔Hurwit 2000, p. 87〕〔("History" ), Odysseus. Retrieved 2 December 2012.〕 The Parthenon and the other buildings were seriously damaged during the 1687 siege by the Venetians in the Morean War when the Parthenon was being used for gunpowder storage and was hit by a cannonball.〔(Nicholas Reeves and Dyfri Williams, "The Parthenon in Ruins" ), British Museum Magazine 57 (spring/summer 2007), pp. 36-38. Retrieved 2 December 2012.〕
The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the pre-eminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007.
==History==
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